CHAPTER 1
FUNDAMENTALS AND OPERATIONS
OF COMPUTERS
INTRODUCTION
The computer is the heart and soul of any data system. It can be packaged in
many sizes and configurations. It may be a general- or special-purpose type. It
may handle analog or digital data, or both. It may be referred to as a mainframe,
minicomputer, or microcomputer. Regardless of what it is called or how it is
configured, it will share certain common fundamental concepts and principles with
all other computers. All computers gather, process, store, disseminate, and display
data and information. Each computer is housed in a frame or cabinet. Each has a
central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output (I/O) section, and a power
supply. How these are assembled in each computer will vary from unit to unit.
How much computing power a computer has is defined by the technology it
uses and NOT by its physical size. A more powerful computer means greater speed,
greater capacity and capability to store information, and a greater facility to
accommodate additional peripheral (external) equipment. Our objective is to teach
you the basic fundamentals and concepts of a computer, no matter what type you
maintain.
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
Describe the functions and purposes of a computer
Differentiate between computer types based on their hardware
characteristics
Recognize the uses of computers and their functional operation
Describe the types of computers used with tactical, tactical support, and
nontactical programs
Differentiate between full capability, reduced capability, and battle
short mode in terms of computer operation and performance
Compare the operational modes of computers including modes used in
operation and maintenance
Describe the security requirements associated with computers
Before you begin study of how a computer operates, let’s take a look at the
fundamentals and operations of computers in general. These include their
functions, the different types of computers, and their functional operation. Also
included are their operational uses, configuration/setups, and modes of operation.
1-1
