1-43. 1-44. What   form   of   precipitation   has the    greatest    absorption    effect on   RF   energy? 1. Fog 2. Snow 3. Rain 4. Hail The   duct   effect   produced   by temperature     inversion     allows for    long-distance communications    over    what frequency    band? 1. Vlf 2.   Lf 3.   Hf 4. Vhf 1-45.    Which   of   the   following   factors affect(s)   the   amount   of   ground reflection   loss   when   a   radio wave   is   reflected   from   the earth’s    surface? 1. Angle   of   incidence 2. Ground     irregularities 3. Electrical    conductivity    at the   point   of   reflection 4. All  of  the  above 1-46.    As  an  RF  wave  increases  in distance,    the    wavefront    spreads out,   reducing   the   amount   of energy   available   within   any given  unit  of  area. This action   produces   what   type   of energy    loss? 1. Absorption 2. Ground    reflection 3. Freespace 4. Spread 1-47. Radio   waves   above   the   MUF   will experience   what   effect   when refracted   from   the   ionosphere? 1. They  will  fall  short  of  the desired    location 2. They   will   overshoot   the desired    location 3. They   will   be   absorbed   by lower    layers 4. They    will    experience multipath    fading 1-48. Variations   in   the   ionosphere may   change   a   preexisting   muf. This   is   especially   true   because of  the  volatility  of  which  of the    following    layers? 1. F1 2. F2 3.   D 4.   E 1-49. Radio   waves   that   are   propagated below   the   LUF   are   affected   by what    problem(s)? 1. Increased    absorption 2. Higher   levels   of atmospheric    noise 3. Higher   rate   of   refraction 4. All  of  the  above 1-50. The   frequency   that   will   avoid the   problems   of   multipath fading,    absorption,    noise,    and rapid   changes   in   the   ionosphere is  known  by  what  term? 1. LUF 2. MUF 3. FOT 4. LOS 5