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SAFETY
SPACE UPKEEP AND CLEANLINESS

Electronics Technician Supervisor (ET1)
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          2. especially  those  precautions  regarding  electrical safety. Responsibilities concerning nonelectrical ratings.   As   an   ET1   or   ETC,   you   will automatically   be   considered   an   expert   on electrical  safety  precautions.  Therefore,  you have a responsibility to educate the personnel whose primary duties are nonelectrical about these precautions. The responsibilities in this area  are  ever  increasing,  as  more  and  more electronic equipment is used in the various jobs aboard ship. 3.  Responsibilities as a petty officer. In this area you  have  the  same  responsibilities  as  all  other petty  officers  in  enforcing  all  safety  precautions. Any  failure  to  follow  electrical  safety  rules  or procedures may result in mild to severe shocks. In some cases, death may result. Nearly all shipboard electrical shocks are caused in one or more of the following ways: 1. 2. 3. 4. Unauthorized use of, or unauthorized modifi- cations to, equipment Failure to observe applicable safety precautions in the use of equipment or in working on or near energized  equipment Failure to repair equipment that was known to be defective and had previously given users a mild  shock Failure to test and inspect equipment for defects, or failure to remedy all defects found by tests and  inspections All  of  these  failures  maybe  summarized  as  failure to  observe  applicable  safety  precautions. SAFETY  EDUCATION You  cannot  expect  individuals  to  observe  a precaution unless he or she is fully aware of the dangers involved.  One  of  your  first  duties,  therefore,  will  be  to ensure that all personnel in the electronics division are aware  of  the  dangers  and  the  safety  precautions necessary to combat these dangers. Safety precautions depend to some extent upon the type  of  ship  involved.  Ships  such  as  AOs  and  AEs necessarily have some precautions that must be strictly observed but which are not applicable to other types of ships.  Therefore,  you  should  ensure  that  all  personnel read and understand all safety precautions pertaining to the electrical and electronic equipment on your own ship. Safety precautions for personnel in nonelectrical ratings  should  include  information  concerning  electrical shock and precautions these personnel must observe when using electrical equipment aboard ship. Facts to be brought out and points to be stressed to the nonelectrical rating personnel concerning electric shock  should  include  the  following: 1.  Voltages as low as 30 volts can be dangerous. 2.  The  dangers  from  electric  shock  are  much greater aboard ship than ashore. 3.  There is little middle ground between a slight tingle and a fatal shock. Fundamentally, current rather than voltage is the criterion of shock intensity. The passage of even a very small current through a vital part of the human body may cause death. The voltage necessary to produce the fatal current depends on factors such as the resistance of the body,  contact  conditions,  and  the  path  the  current  takes through the body. The probable effects of shock are shown in the following table. AC  60Hz DC (mA) (mA) 0-1 0-4 1 -4 4-15 4-21 15-80 21-40 80-160 40-100 160-300 Over  100 Over  300 Effects Perception Surprise Reflex  action Muscular inhibition Respiratory  block Death It  is  imperative  to  recognize  that  the  resistance  of the human body cannot be relied upon to prevent a fatal shock  from  115  volts  or  even  lower  voltages–fatalities from as low as 30 volts have been recorded. Tests have shown that body resistance under unfavorable con- ditions may be as low as 300 ohms and possibly as low as 100 ohms from temple to temple if the skin is broken. Volt for volt, dc potentials are normally not as dangerous as ac potentials. This is shown by the fact that reasonably safe “let-go currents” for 60-Hz ac are 9.0 mA for men and 6.0 mA for women, while the corresponding values for dc are 62.0 mA for men and 41.0 mA for women. The instruction to personnel in nonelectrical ratings regarding the safety precautions they must observe 2-24






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